ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the establishment and assessment of the depression model of adult SD rats induced by early maternal infant separation stress combined with adult chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS), and to observe the behavior and synaptic protein expression of SD rats.Methods:Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CON group), chronic unpredictable stress group (CUMS group), maternal infant separation combined with chronic unpredictable stress group (MS + CUMS group). The depression model of rats in cums group was established by CUMS, and the depression model of rats in MS + CUMS group was established by maternal infant separation + CUMS. The depression model was evaluated by body mass and appearance observation, sugar water preference experiment, open field test and forced swimming test.Synapse-associated proteins (PSD-95 and synaptophysin (Syn)) of the hippocampus were assayed using Western blot. Syn protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry.Results:After modeling, compared with CON group, the rats in CUMS group and MS + CUMS group had significantly lower body mass((126.43±3.88) g, (91.04±3.85) g, (69.89±6.67) g; t=5.03, 8.03, both P<0.01), significantly lower sugar water preference((94.21±0.56)%, (79.30±1.13)%, (72.73±1.82)%; t=8.24, 11.87, both P<0.01) and significantly increased immobility time((3.50±0.84)s, (13.59±2.40)s, (15.70±2.97)s; t=3.16, 3.82, both P<0.01). Among them, the body mass and sugar water preference of MS + CUMS group were lower than those of CUMS group ( t=3.00, 3.63; both P<0.01). (2)The center time of the rats in MS+ CUMS group markedly reduced compared with that of CON group((21.41±4.65) s, (8.96±2.37) s; t=2.66, P<0.05). (3)In the immunohistochemistry experiment, compared with the CON group, the percentage of Syn positive area in hippocampus of rats in CUMS group and MS+ CUMS group decreased significantly ((24.42±0.76)%, (14.00±0.95)%, (10.38±1.38)%; t=6.93, 9.33, P<0.01). (4)The results of Western blot showed that compared with CON group, both the expression of PSD-95 ((1.18±0.02), (0.74±0.06), (0.52±0.05), t=6.29, 9.31; both P<0.05) and Syn ((1.12±0.08), (0.95±0.06), (0.90±0.07); t=3.10, 4.04; both P<0.05) in hippocampus of rats in CUMS group and MS+ CUMS group were significantly decreased.And compared with the CUMS group, the expression of PSD-95 in MS+ CUMS group was lower( t=0.93, P<0.05). Conclusion:The method of MS combined with CUMS can effectively induce depression like behavior and decrease the expression of synaptic plasticity related protein of hippocampus in rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate nursing students' attitudes toward death and hospice care before they start clinical practice, analyze the correlation between the two attitudes and compare their differences in junior and regular nursing college students.Methods:A cross-sectional study was adopted to investigate the attitudes toward death and hospice care in 232 senior nursing students at school. Instruments included the Chinese version of the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) and the Chinese version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale-Form B (FATCOD-B). Pearson correlation analysis and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.Results:The mean scores of the 5 dimensions of death attitude were neutral acceptance (4.10±0.43), fear of death (2.76±0.66), death avoidance (2.73±0.74), approach acceptance (2.61±0.58), and escape acceptance (2.48±0.75), respectively. The total score of hospice care attitude was (107.63±8.45), which was negatively correlated with fear of death ( r=-0.247, P<0.01), death avoidance ( r=-0.278, P<0.01), and escape acceptance ( r=-0.145, P<0.05) scores and positively correlated with neutral acceptance score ( r=0.405, P<0.01). The death avoidance score of regular nursing college students was significantly lower than that of junior nursing college students ( t=-2.043, P<0.05), and the hospice care attitude score of regular nursing college students was significantly higher that of junior nursing college students ( t=2.639, P<0.01). Conclusion:There is a big room to improve nursing students' attitudes toward death and hospice care. Strengthening end-of-life care education is imperative.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore students nurses′acceptance of case-based group assessment. Method A total of 100 student nurses participated in the survey by a self-designed questionnaire to evaluate the perception and acceptance of the student nurses. Results The score on the acceptance of case-based group assessment was (2.44 ± 0.46). The items with higher acceptance included teamwork spirit, clinical reasoning and decision-making ability, and the items with lower acceptance were improving of nurse-patient communication and the nursing skills. Conclusions The student nurses have a good acceptance of the case-based group assessment and think this assessment method can contribute to development of teamwork spirit and competency of clinical reasoning and decision-making. On the other hand, they suggest we should strengthen the ability in nurse-patient communication and optimize the links in ability assessment.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the pathogenic bacteria of burn infection and their drug resistance in recent 5 years from 2001.METHODS The patients were divided into two groups.The group 1 included patients from Jun 1996 to May 2001 and the group 2 was from Jun 2001 to Jun 2006.Burn wound bacteria were cultured,and identified and their drug sensitivity was analyzed.RESULTS In burn wound culture,in group 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the rate of 30% was still in the 1st place.Staphylococcus aureus was in the 2nd place with the rate of 28.2%.The G-bacilli comprised 58.2% and the G+ cocci 40.3 %.Proteus mirabilis,Acinetobacter baumannii,Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans increased remarkably.The drug resistant percentage of P.aeruginosa,Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli to third generation cephalosporin increased greatly.CONCLUSIONS The changes of pathogenic bacteria of burn infection and bacteria drug resistance have certain relations with the wide usage of broad spectum antibiotics such as cephalosporin and imipenem.